Recommendations for Tuen Mun Landfill Expansion

Recommendations for Tuen Mun Landfill Expansion Man Sum Yi, Annie Urban Planning: Principles and Practices To: Principal Town Planner From: Assistant Town Planner (MAN Sum Yi Annie) Subject: Recommendation to Tuen Mun landfill expansion Landfill is being regarded as one of the locally unwanted land uses (â€Å"LULUs†) (Popper, 1981), and sitting of LULUs often causes heated debate among the society (Lai et al., 2007). According to the prediction made by the Legislative Council (2013), the West New Territories (â€Å"WENT†) landfill in Tuen Mun is expected to be exhausted in 2019. The accelerated exhaustion of landfill in Hong Kong catches our attention, and this planning problem requires immediate response from the government and urban planners. Even though major opposition is held by Tuen Mun residents, the necessity of WENT landfill expansion cannot be denied, in the view of surging waste loads and the other waste management strategies are not ready yet. In this memo, the crux of the landfill expansion problem will first be discussed, followed by recommended policy actions and justifications in gaining support to the plan. Crux of WENT landfill expansion problem Appropriate location of landfills remains as a big challenge to planners. The debate of landfill expansion is particularly significant in Hong Kong because of limited land and high population density (Woo, 2010). Moreover, the public does not trust the government in siting locally unwanted land uses (Lam Woo, 2009; Woo, 2010). There is a major dilemma between environmental justice and urgency in handling waste. Despite the fact that the government is working on other waste management strategies, such as the proposed waste charge, food waste recycling partnership scheme and the new incinerator (Environmental Protection Department, 2014), landfill extension is still necessary to handle the remaining 10,000 tonnes of waste which require disposal every day (Legislative Council, 2013). Fuelled by increasing population and rapid economic development, the amount of waste loads is expected to surge continuously. Tuen Mun residents are concerned about the unfavorable impacts disturbing their living environment, which includes odors, health impacts, public hygiene, and the declining local image. Furthermore, Tuen Mun residents challenged the government decision that environmental justice is infringed as Tuen Mun is currently home to many LULUs (Lam Woo, 2009). As discussed in the previous memo, public perception, alternative policies and sustainability of landfills are the three main reasons hampering public support towards the expansion plan. Therefore, in this memo, recommendations are made on the basis to gain public acceptance. Recommended policy actions An open and participatory approach is recommended; there are four recommended policy actions to increase public acceptance and gaining public trust. They include evaluating the expansion plan, minimizing disturbance to Tuen Mun residents, showing commitment and involving the public. First, planners can evaluate the whole expansion plan once again, in terms of distance from residents and the extended area. Planners can examine the possibility of reducing the expansion area. A smaller expansion area will be more acceptable to residents, as their social responsibility in handling waste will be smaller. 67.95% of interviewed Tuen Mun residents perceived the landfill expansion as a need for Hong Kong, while only 12.5% perceived it as a local need in a survey conducted (Lam Woo, 2009). The government can increase education and promotion, in order to allow the public to understand the urgency of the problem. Second, planners can propose ways to minimize nuisance brought to the residences in Tuen Mun. The design of garbage truck can be improved and the leakage problem of waste water should be strictly controlled. Planting greenbelts around the expanded landfill is another suggestion, which can act as a separation between the landfill and local residents. Planners can explore the other ways in transporting waste, for example using sea transport, so that disturbance during waste transportation can be reduced. Streets can be cleaned more frequently within Tuen Mun; hence pests and insects can be eliminated. Third, the government should show commitment to the public, demonstrate that they will shoulder the responsibility in waste management. The government can present a timeline in municipal waste reduction and set long term reduction goals. Tuen Mun residents expressed that the pollution problem arose from landfill extension was their top concern (Lam Woo, 2009). An air quality monitoring station can be set up in Tuen Mun, monitoring the amount of toxic gases and the general air quality. This can increase the confidence of Tuen Mun residents towards the landfill expansion and better protect health of residents. Last but not least, the government should be more sensitive to local concerns and engage public in the decision-making process. Rather than compensation strategies, greater public participation is more effective in persuading local residents (Lam Woo, 2009). Government can foster trust building by increasing transparency and lengthening time for the consultation period. The government should show respect to the views of different stakeholders. The government can adopt residents’ suggestions towards the expansion plan, and promote better communication with residents and the Tuen Mun District Council. Justifications to recommended actions Indeed, achieving environmental justice is always easier said than done. The concept of environmental justice refers to the equal share of burden of responsibility (Levy, 2011) in handling waste. During the process of decision making, fair treatment and meaningful involvement of the public is being considered as elements of environmental justice. Environmental injustice can be seen through the concentration of costs and risks of LULUs on a particular population (Been, 1993). Each district in Hong Kong has its own function, and functions of districts are determined by locational factors. Although some Tuen Mun residents call for the respect towards environmental justice, fair siting of LULUs among all districts is extremely difficult and impractical. Proper siting of landfill requires the consideration of environmental, technical and social factors, and the wind direction is especially important. In order to persuade residents to accept the expansion plan, the government should prove that Tuen Mun is a legitimate and reasonable choice, as well as minimizing impacts brought to residents. The ultimate goal of the WENT landfill expansion is to achieve comprehensive planning, in which health, safety and public welfare are taken into consideration. Comprehensive planning refers to the plan that can guide the development of the entire community in a long term (Levy, 2011). Evaluation of the extension plan and minimization of disturbance represent government’s consideration of the affected residents. The above suggested policy actions are able to establish trust between the public and the government, as the views of Tuen Mun residents are being considered and taken into account. An open and participatory approach in handling LULUs is crucial, as the public is being involved. Compensation measure is not recommended because economic loss is not one of the concerns of the affected residents (Lam Woo, 2009). Moreover, the effectiveness of monetary compensation has been questioned (Jenkins-Smith Kunreuther, 2005). Conclusion The urgency waste problem is less significant than other pollution problems since it does not directly affect daily lives of Hong Kong citizens. In addition to other waste management policies, the proposed WENT landfill expansion plan is the best way to handle municipal solid waste. The government and planners play the most important role in promoting this expansion plan. In response to the strong local opposition, four recommendations are made, which include evaluating the expansion plan, minimizing disturbance, showing commitment and involving the public. Environmental justice is in fact difficult to be achieved in reality, so planners should focus on ways to gain public acceptance while formulating policy actions. The above suggested ways are feasible because views of Tuen Mun residents are taken into account and they are involved in the decision-making process. All in all, the government should be committed to execute other reduction goals while promoting the expansion plan, and the persuasiveness of the plan will be increased. References: Books Levy, John M. (2011). Contemporary Urban Planning, ninth edition, Upper Saddle River, Prentice Hall. Jenkins-Smith, H.C. and Kunreuther, H. (2005). Mitigation and benefits measures as policy tools for siting potentially hazardous facilities: determinants of effectiveness and appropriateness. In: S.H. Lesbirel and D. Shaw, eds. Managing conflict in facility siting: an international comparison. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 63–84. Journal articles Been, V. (1993). Whats fairness got to do with it? Environmental justice and the siting of locally undesirable land uses.Cornell L. Rev.,78, 1001. Lam, K.C. Woo, L.Y. (2009). Public perception of locally unwanted facilities in Hong Kong: Implications for conflict resolution. Local Environment, 14(9), 851-869. Lai, P.W. et al. (2007). Siting and community response to locally unwanted land uses: a literature review. Hong Kong: Centre for Environmental Policy and Resource Management, Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong. Popper, F.J. (1981). Sitting LULUs. Planning, Vol. 47, 4: pp.12-15. Woo, L. Y. (2010).Trust and public perception: Insights for facility siting in Hong Kong(Order No. 3483306). Available from ProQuest Dissertations Theses AI. (902185449). Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/902185449?accountid=14548 Website materials Environmental Protection Department (2014). Food Waste Recycling Partnership Scheme. Retrieved from http://www.epd.gov.hk/epd/english/environmentinhk/waste/prob_solutions/owt_food.html Legislative Council (2013). Environmental Infrastructure Projects. The Legislative Council Panel on Environmental Affairs. CB(1)1079/12-13(01) Retrieved from http://www.legco.gov.hk/yr12-13/english/panels/ea/papers/ea0527cb1-1079-1-e.pdf

Morality in Ethan Frome Essay

In The Morality of Inertia, Lionel Trilling argues that Ethan Frome’s inability to make his own ethical decisions ultimately makes his ‘smash-up’ a tragic event caused by the inactivity of morality. The nonexistence of this moral inertia is the explanation, for Trilling, for the outcome of Frome; the lack of moral responsibility in any of the main characters from the beginning of their lives paralyzes their decision making process– they simply exist and do what is their duty. Trilling’s aspect that Frome was a morally inadequate man is a valid fact affirmed by Edith Wharton’s provided background of him; the idea that he was unable to make choices and is only capable of enduring can be proven inaccurate with his Frome’s actions throughout the story. The notion that Ethan Frome is incapable of making ethical decisions based on his background can also be countered with his background and actions. Trilling uses Frome’s â€Å"duties as a husband† and son as support for his claim that â€Å"[c]hoice is incompatible with [Ethan’s existence]† (from Morality of Inertia). However, the reader is exposed to Ethan’s ability to recognize choices, and decisions not to act on them, throughout the story. Frome acknowledges his dilemma of running away with Mattie or staying with Zeena, but is inefficient in seeing past the initial consequences of each choice and exploring other possibilities of escape besides the basic. Ethan’s central decision in the book, to commit suicide with Mattie, is made with free will; although it is Mattie’s idea, Ethan agrees and takes the reins in the front of the sled. Although Ethan Frome is a broken man perpetually frozen in a bleak Starkfield, one cannot disregard his inaction when he is presented and acknowledges choices. He constantly contemplates expressing his love for Mattie, looking for â€Å"the all-expressive word,† but fails to, even when alone with her, making â€Å"free choice† a moot point (Ethan Frome; from Morality of Inertia). Morality is not caused by inertia in Ethan’s case but personal authorization– Ethan’s decision to commit suicide proves this point; the act proves that he was capable of confessing his love to Mattie, but failed to up to that moment. Although Frome can be held responsible for his moral inactivity, he can be considered a morally inadequate man in his present state. His inadequacy, however, was not a constant in life or a sudden occurrence– it snowballed from his youth and finally solidified through the ‘smash-up’. His earlier experiences in a university and the joy it brought him was quickly interrupted after a year by his sickly parents. The unfortunate circumstance forces Ethan Frome to move back to the depressing Starkfield he had just escaped. His parents’ illnesses bring along Zenobia, who would be another future, unseen oppression along with Starkfield. For years, Ethan lives in depressing conditions that decline as time goes on. The chance to finally leave them behind, however, comes in Mattie, Zenobia’s cousin and maid. Ethan’s inability to act on this chance of escape finally seals his fate when Mattie is paralyzed and he is critically injured. Although jinxed with unfortunate circumstances, Ethan Frome’s life could have been bettered if one small step or action was taken by him for himself with the intention to create personal joy or pleasure. The importance of taking steps in life betterment can be seen in Ethan Frome. Although one may lack a history of â€Å"making moral decisions,† the human instinct to do so is always there (from Morality of Inertia). Ethan Frome was able to rationalize and recognize choices inside of his head; it was his inability to act on any one until his attempted suicide that created his depressing circumstances. The irony of his only decision with Mattie being one of the most deciding ones in his life underscores the fact that if he had taken this initiative before this instance, his life might have taken a different track. This was not a forced or accidental occurrence; Ethan Frome was in fact an unfortunate individual in undesirable circumstances, but with a free will and mind developed enough to make

How to Handle Dry Ice Safely

The solid form of carbon dioxide is called dry ice. Dry ice is the perfect ingredient for fog, smoking volcanoes, and other spooky effects! However, you need to know how to transport, store, and use dry ice safely before you get it. Here are tips to help keep you safe. How To Get and Transport Dry Ice You can obtain dry ice from some grocery stores or gas companies. Its important to be prepared to transport dry ice before you purchase it. This will help it last longer and prevent accidents. Plan to get enough dry ice. It will sublimate at the rate of  five to ten pounds each 24 hours (for pellets or chips), so if you wont be using the dry ice right away, plan for the loss of product. The rate of sublimation also depends on the exposed surface area. Dry ice pellets will convert to gas more quickly than a solid chunk of dry ice.  Bring a cooler or a cardboard box. Your goal is to insulate the dry ice from warmer temperatures. Its also helpful to have a blanket or sleeping bag to wrap around the container to protect it from temperature changes.Usually dry ice is sold in paper bags. Set the paper bag inside the box or cooler. Close the lid to insulate the dry ice, but make sure it does not seal. This is important, because dry ice sublimates from its solid form into carbon dioxide vapor. The gas builds up pressure and could cause an explosion if it doesnt have a way to escape.As sublimation occurs, the level of carbon dioxide in the vehicle will rise. Make sure new air c irculates into the vehicle to prevent carbon dioxide poisoning. Storing Dry Ice The best way to store dry ice is in a cooler. Again, make sure the cooler is not sealed. You can add insulation by double-bagging the dry ice in paper bags and wrapping the cooler in a blanket. Its best to avoid putting dry ice in a refrigerator or freezer because the cold temperature can cause your thermostat to switch the appliance off, carbon dioxide levels could build up inside the compartment, and gas pressure could force open the door of the appliance. Using Dry Ice Safely The 2 rules here are (1) dont store dry ice in a sealed container and (2) avoid direct skin contact. Dry ice is extremely cold (-109.3 °F or -78.5 °C), so touching it can cause immediate frostbite. Use gloves or tongs to handle dry ice.Be aware cold carbon dioxide sinks, so risks from too much carbon dioxide are highest close to the ground or in any enclosed space. Make sure there is good air circulation.If youre using dry ice in drinks to produce fog, be careful you dont ingest the dry ice fragment. Ingesting dry ice is a medical emergency because of the tissue damage from frost bite and the pressure buildup from the release of gas. Dry ice sinks in a glass or bowl, so the risk of ingestion normally is very low. However, do not allow intoxicated people to drink dry ice cocktails or work with dry ice. How To Treat a Dry Ice Burn Treat a dry ice burn the same way as you would treat frostbite or a burn from heat. A red area will heal quickly (day or two). You can apply burn ointment and a bandage, but only if the area needs to be covered (e.g., open blisters). In cases of severe frostbite, seek medical attention (this is extremely uncommon). More Dry Ice Safety Tips Never leave children or pets unattended around dry ice.Be aware of symptoms of carbon dioxide poisoning and make sure there is good air circulation where dry ice is used and stored. Ordinarily, slightly elevated levels of carbon dioxide dont pose a significant health risk. The levels of carbon dioxide are most likely to become too high near the ground.If youre using dry ice to chill food, youll get the best results if you put the dry ice on top of the food. This is because cold sinks.Avoid setting dry ice directly onto counter tops or placing it in empty glass containers. The temperature shock could crack the material.Some airlines will allow you to carry dry ice, but not more than 2 kilograms. Expect the dry ice to sublimate at a slightly faster rate than usual because cabin pressure may be lower than normal pressure. Pack the dry ice with crumpled paper or a blanket to reduce loss.

Overcoming Sleeping Disorder Personal Experience

I have always had problems sleeping due to trauma and have struggled for years to help myself control my insomnia and not let it control me. Sometimes it would come in handy and I could use it to my advantage but most of the time it just ruined me, my attitude, my focus, and my ability to cope. Naps were out of the question, I would literally have to stay awake until my body and mind gave out, something had to give eventually. No matter what I did, how much I exercised, what I ate, how much caffeine I didn’t drink, what medications I tried, it all never really helped me. I was so sick of always just putting a band aid on everything and it never ever solved the underlying problem. There were a few things I had started doing in order to†¦show more content†¦I have always used music to help me remember things, for school and such, and it was when I came to this realization that I thought, since I was trying to unearth the memories and put together the bits and pieces th at were coming out through my unconscious, I could play music while I slept to help me remember what I dreamt about when I was awake. Not only did this help me to remember but I also found that it helped me stay asleep because it broke up the sometimes night-long dreams into shortened spurts that were easier to keep track of. I could hear some of the songs while I slept, when the song changed, so did my dream. I would always hear the music just before I woke up and when I played them when awake; sure enough I could remember details from my dreams or at least how I felt. Once I woke up I would play the playlist I developed before I went to bed and write while I listened. I would write about whatever came to mind, free association, and when I faced the complete reality, it was the scariest thing I had ever encountered. I opened a door that could never be shut again and I began to remember exactly what happened in my past that was affecting my life now. I begin to rationalize about th e memories. I knew that when you’re a child you may not know exactly what happened but you always remember how it made you feel. It was something that tookShow MoreRelatedEssay On Parents Who Are Affected By Their Children Health1277 Words   |  6 Pagesstress, difficulties sleeping and not having a social life because of their child’s disability. These factors may help parents by addressing what other parents experience when raising a child with developmental disabilities. As well as help balance the stressful situation that are affecting their well-being (Sivberg, B., 2002). Stress can be the result of many things. 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Alongside these serious health issues other associated affects of obesity are reduced self-esteem, depression, body discontent, bad eating habits, urinary incontinence, difficulty sleeping, back pain and certain skin conditions (Brown Wimpenny, 2011, p.10). Some of these physicalRead MoreOption 2: Read Sherman Alexie’S Indian Education And Write1675 Words   |  7 Pagesspecial education classes if we can’t figure this out† The world felt like it was falling apart. I was diagnosed with a disorder that affected me in multiple ways. Many of which resulted in me not being able to remember basic life events and life skills. I slept the majority of the time regardless of where I was. My teachers did not know what to do with me. â€Å"Why is she sleeping all of the time? Not getting her work done.† The students having zero idea what had happened to me â€Å"She seems so weird

All About Sex Essay - 1507 Words

Have you ever had sex? How old is acceptable to start having sex? How does your society accept or resent sex? What is sex? What do you call sex? What is a man’s perception on sex, compared to a woman’s? I think of sex way different than say my grandparents do. These are just some of the questions that I think of when I think of the real meaning of sex. How did sex come about in history? â€Å"Then God blessed them, and God said to them, â€Å"Be fruitful and multiply†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (The New King James Version Bible, Genesis. 1:28). Sex is dated back before Christ in the Bible. Sex was used simply to multiply creation and make more of man, not used as fun but still accepted. â€Å"The aversion to sex by early Christian leaders extended to marriage being viewed as a†¦show more content†¦There is sex with toys, where vibrators, dildos, beads, nipple stimulators, anal plugs, anal probes, cock rings, chains, eggs, lubes, massagers, oils, creams, lotions, exc. are used. There is sense sex, where nothing is actually entered into the body, instead your senses are turned on to their fullest. I think sex can be any type of intimacy that gets two people aroused and can cause an orgasm. I love the fact that sex has broadened so much, and so openly, over the years. I like it all. Why can’t people just say the word sex? The word sex sounds so dirty and unacceptable to most people, that they would rather call sex by these other crazy words! It doesn’t make any since to me. I have heard it described in many different ways. Many ways I found in another dictionary such as â€Å"banging, boinking, boning, bumbing, bump nasties, bump uglies, shag, fuck, hump, screw, boot knockin’, do, get it on, get laid, get some booty, hit it, lay pipe, make babies, make woopie, make love, poke, poon, put out, tapping ass, the old in-out, twerk something,† (Words, 1-2). and more. I just like to keep it simple, sex, unless I’m in the moo d and then I want to â€Å"rape† my lover, in a good and sexy way of course. When do people first have sex now-a-days? I was 14 years old. I do strongly wish that I had waited longer and had sex with someone different , but I find it very â€Å"normal† for our area these days. I went to school with girls thatShow MoreRelatedSexuality Education Is Not All About Sex2620 Words   |  11 Pagestheir sexuality will be looked over or forgotten regardless of their desire and need to feel wanted intimately. Sexuality education is not all about sex. â€Å"Sexuality education is a life-long process that encompasses many things: the biological, socio-cultural, psychological, and spiritual dimensions of sexuality† (Gerhardt, 2012). 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Perhaps teaching children how toRead MoreGay Marriage : Same Sex Marriage1611 Words   |  7 PagesRunning Head: SAME-SEX MARRIAGE NATIONALLY Same-Sex Marriage Nationally Makenzie L. Griffin Albia Community School District Authors Note This paper was prepared for government, period 2, taught by Mrs. Peterson. Abstract Same-sex marriage nationally has become more and more common now than it used to be in the nineteen-eighty’s. There are many organization groups that help spread the word about lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender issues and why it is wrong to discriminate against

Blizzards vs Hurricanes Free Essays

1 2 In 1903 W. E. B. We will write a custom essay sample on Blizzards vs Hurricanes or any similar topic only for you Order Now DuBois has said that race was to be the most important issue of the 20th century. This paper examines how the ‘race problem’ has unfolded in 20th century America, from the immigrations and United States imperialism to the Ku Klux Klan. The paper looks at what happened to help the issues with race why it took so long for America to pass the Civil Rights Act. Finally, the paper looks at the progress made in America in the latter part of the century. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 banned discrimination that was based on your race, color, religion and even national origin in employment and public accommodations. Then the Voting Rights Act in 1965 that restored and also protected voting rights. In 1965 the Immigration and Nationality Services Act that opened entry to the United States to the immigrants other than just traditional. These acts I believe helped save the United States and solve some of the race and immigrant issues due to Civil War. At the federal level , the Civil Rights Act, the Voting Rights Act and the Fair Housing Act were the highest of the political struggle to improve legislation. But long before these milestones, race-specific policy changed rapidly at the state level. It was unfair to the diffusion of anti-discrimination policy that provides the opportunities to be able to study the political economy. Also the effects of the policies before the federal coverage applied a comparatively uniform standard to most places at the same time. In the first two decades were the most intense and some people have said that it was the lowest point for Black Americans since the Civil War ended. The rule of the land was the segregation and separation. This caused issues; African Americans had to ride in separate railroad cars, their own drinking water fountain and most of all the black Americans even had their own court houses and hotels. Can you imagine how the black Americans felt? To make matters seem worse the black Americans even had to use their own facilities and were not able to sit in the front bus, only in the back. The whites had much better facilities than the black Americans did. When a black man was accused by a any white person of having an affair with a white woman, a crime or a different kind of charge, they would become lynched. Lynching is known for ‘hanging’ and it became a public event for the white men, women and even the children. The whites would hang the body, torture it and the burn the body. This became such a popular horrifying event, that between 60 to 80 black men were lynched each year from the years of 1905 to 1915. I could not even imagine how the children felt seeing this. From the years 1900-1914, the White Supremacist called KKK known as the Ku Klux Klan, was started by a small group of whites from the south. The KKK were mad at the fact that the African Americans got their freedom and that the war ended but most of all that the south had lost all their slaves. They did not know how to react. Their revenge was to torture and kill the African American’s just because they got freedom and that they are not the south’s slaves anymore . By 1924 there were more than 4 million KKK men in the United States. Griffith To this day the KKK still exists and think the same way they had years ago. There are some people still do believe like the whites did after the Civil War, black Americans have way more freedom now than they ever did. For example black and white’s are now allowed to marry, all can use the same bathrooms, busses and be able to eat in the same restaurants. In my opinion I do not think that all the racial and segregation should have been a problem because we are all the same people just different skin color and some of our beliefs. White people have different beliefs than other white people but they do not hate each other or want to kill them. 5 References http://americanracedescrimination. wordpress. com/2011/01/27/1900-1914-racism-kkk/ Bowles, Mark . D, American History 1865-Present | End of Isolation http://www. nber. org/reporter/winter06/collins. RACE IN TURN How to cite Blizzards vs Hurricanes, Essay examples

Performance Objectives For British Airways - Click Now to Get Solution

Question: Describe about performance objectives for british airways? Answer: Introduction Performance objectives are an important factor that would help the company to improve the operational activities. The measureable scale helps the management to introduce new and better performance development plans. Through accountability review, the management of the company evaluate the performance and implement an effective step that would help in improving the sales. Business has various operational activities, which needs to be monitored. The objectives of the company have to be determined, and the same has to be measured. Steps that would have to be followed for measuring the activities have to be analysed, as the management would be able to take corrective steps. The reason for implementing the measurement factors is to ensure that the management concentrate on the results, and not the efforts that have to be put in for improving the performance. Some of the important operational activities of the company are Sales Productivity Sales (Ala-Mursula, Vahtera, Pentti, and Kivimki, 2004). Price Flexibility Customer service Information technology Employees Discussion This report has been prepared British Airways, one of the best airline services provides in the UK. The company has been in existence since 1919, and has been working towards improving the quality of services rendered to the clients. British airlines provide services to customers for more than 400 destinations. Management of the company render services to customers from national and international market. Efforts are made to improve the quality of services provided to the clients. The management of the company work towards analysing the critical path that is considered to be essential for the business development. Performance objectives of the company are defined to help the management to achieve the goals. Through the objective setting the tasks performance is discussed with the staffs and various departments. This is done to ensure that the corrective steps are taken to increase the performance. Performance objectives are implemented for mitigating the risks and introducing better s teps that would improve the services of the company. The risks involved in the process of operations, customer services, investments, and staff handling has to be handled in an effective manner. The objectives can be divided into long term and short term method. The risks involved in the process can be mitigated, and the right measures have been taken to increase the performance (Appelbaum and Berg, 2000). Some of the objectives that needs to be monitored are 1. Sales British airlines are one of the leading companies in the UK. The company evaluates the services that have been rendered to the clients. This helps in retaining the clients and gains a control over the competitive edge. The company sell the services through direct and indirect methods. In the direct method, the sales department of the Airlines are assigned the task for selling the services to the clients. In the indirect sales method, customers can book for the services from dealers and others. At the time of booking for the services the customers have to be provided with the required information (Hatch, and Dyer, 2004). This will minimise the compliant percentage, which can affected the performance of the airlines. The sales number is used as a measureable process. In this method, the sales incurred by the company through direct and indirect method have to be considered. The collected result would enable the company to determine the performance. Management can analyse the steps that would have to be taken for improving the performance (Bacon, and Hoque, 2005). 2. Customer services Airline company provide customer centric services to the clients. Customers have many options, when it comes to selecting the best company for airline service provides. British airlines aim to become the leaders in the world for airline service providers. In order to approach maximum number of clients and retain them, it is essential to render the best customer services. For this, an effort has to be taken for constantly reviewing the quality of services that is being provided to the clients (Bacon et al., 2008). The management choose to take direct feedback from the clients, as this would help in analysing the challenges that are faced by the clients. Through this method, the company can analyse the expectations of the clients. Such information would help the management to analyse the challenges and implemented the corrective steps through which the changes for improving the quality of services can be introduced. For improving the customer services, the staffs of the company need to be trained. This would help in increasing the performance and rendering the best services to the clients (Bates et al., 2009). The operations of the British Airways are not a simple task. Performance objectives can be introduced by the company through proper flow of information. This is done by developing an impressive design for directing and controlling the process tor the steps that are followed for conducting the operational activities. The strategies intended to be followed by the company has to be discussed with the teams from various departments. This would help in upgrading the quality of customer services that has been intended to be provided to the clients (Batt, 2000). 3. Productivity The company intends to become the leaders in the airline industry. In this process, the management work towards offering better services to the clients. For this, the expectations of the clients are analysed. The steps or the service that has been proposed to be rendered to the existing and potential clients has to be analysed. This would help the management in adopting and implementing better steps for increasing the productivity. The steps have to be planned and implemented after analysing the objectives of the company (Belfield, and Marsden, 2003). Performance measures for productivity are done by analysing the expectations and preferences of the clients. Reviews can be gathered by the company directly from the clients. This would help the management in developing better strategies that would help in reaching out to maximum number of clients. Productivity includes rendering proper information to the clients, analysing the changing needs of the company, and evaluating the future ob jectives of the company. Through such process, the management proposes to implement the changes that are considered to be essential for the business development. In order to improve the productivity process, the management constantly work towards gathering the required information and analyse the same. This has been done to increase the productivity and correct any deviations that can affect the performance of the company. The expectation of the clients and the changes that needs to be implemented has to be adopted and introduced. This would help in increasing the performance (Belt and Giles, 2009). 4. Price British airlines offer services to various destinations. In this process, the expectations of the clients and the quality of services are analysed. Customers from different market prefer to choose services for the company that offers cost effective tariffs with more facilities. Through effective pricing system, the company analyse the steps that would have to be taken for introducing the changes in the services. The facts have to be collected and analysed, in an effective manner. In order to reduce the price for travel, the company needs to introduce better methods and technology for airline manufacturing process (Berg, Kalleberg, and Appelbaum, 2003). This would help in increasing the sales and productivity for the company. With less fuel consumption flights, the management can drastically work towards reducing the price for the air services. Regular customers and new customers constantly look around for better deals in terms of discounts and others. Thus, it is essential to introdu ce the changes that would benefit the clients and the company. In order to measure the performance, the management can review the sales and productivity performance of the company. This can be done by comparing the sales for the services and understanding the reason for the deviations (Boselie, Dietz, and Boone, 2005) 5. Flexibility Flexibility in the type of services that has been proposed to be rendered by the company tie clients has to be analysed. For this, the management proposes to introduce better means for improving the performance of the company. The flexibility is related to providing information to the clients regarding the flights and booking services. In this method, the customers can gather can gather the required information about the services from different sources that includes online, offline, and through mobile applications (Gooderham, Parry, and Ringdal, 2008). This is one of the important factors that would contribute towards the successful business operational activities. The strategies that needs to be followed and the steps that would have to be followed for increasing the quality of services has to be analysed. The changes can be monitored on a regular basis, so as to find the deviations. The changes that are intended to be introduced by the management have to be communicated with differ ent departments and the necessary steps to improve the production have to be implemented (Boxall, and Macky, 2009) 6. Employees The company intends to retain maximum number of qualified and experienced staffs for the company. In this process, the management of the company intends to find the best solution to the problem that is faced by the staffs. Work culture and environment is improved so as to encourage the staffs to perform better. In this case, the challenges and disputes faced by the staffs and employees from various departments are analysed. This has been done with an intention of finding the better methods and means through which the problem can be solved. In order to motivate the staffs, the company has introduced effective incentive plan through which the employees would be paid better for improved performance (Brewster, 2004). The staffs of the company are trained to provide quality and reliable services to the clients. For this effective training methods are introduced by the company. Through this process, the management ensure to handle the issues faced by the staffs in the best possible manner. The changes are introduced by the company, and the staffs are informed about the same. Through job description right type of staffs are selected by the management. In this method, the staffs are assigned the right type of jobs and the performance is evaluated on a regular basis. The performance objective in this case is to introduce an effective system through which the staff issue can be handled in the right manner (Bryson, Forth, and Kirby, 2005). 7. Information technology Through effective information technology, the company intends to maintain the important information that is considered to be essential for the successful business conduct. IT process enables the company to retain the information about the clients, analyse the changes that is intended to be introduced by the company, and prepare report about various department. Through such process, the required changes are planned and implemented by the management( Combs, 2006). With the help of the IT system, the management analyse the challenges that are faced by the company and implement an effective step through which the changes can be introduced. Accurate and reliable information would help the management to retain the information and make the right type of decision. This is one of the most important factor through which the changes that are required for improving the quality of services can be introduced (Den Hartog, and Verburg, 2004). With the help of an effective IT system, the management of the company introduce effective system for handling the operational activities. Through this process the available resources are used in an effective manner (Eaton, 2003). The changes intended to be introduced by the management has been analysed, and corrective steps to improve the quality of services is introduced by the management. For this, the quality of services rendered by the company has to be constantly reviewed, as this would help in making the corrective steps for increasing the service quality. Training needs to be provided to the staffs and the best step to correct the deviations has to be implemented by the management ( Edwards, 2003). Conclusion The operational management and performance management are quite an important factor that contributes towards the successful business operational activities. Challenges faced by the companies vary from each other, and thus accurate measures have to be taken for implementing the right steps. In this process, the performance objectives have to be defined and the measureable actions have to be highlighted by the management. Through such a process, the management would be able to introduce the corrective step that would help in increasing the quality of services that is proposed to be rendered to the clients. 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